Deep Work: Book Notes and Takeaways

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Synopsis

Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World is Cal Newport’s ode to productivity focusing on one key premise — the prioritization of deep work as a way to live a fulfilling life.

“Deep work is the ability to focus without distraction on a cognitively demanding task. It’s a skill that allows you to quickly master complicated information and produce better results in less time.

Deep work will make you better at what you do and provide the sense of true fulfillment that comes from craftsmanship. In short, deep work is like a super power in our increasingly competitive 21st-century economy.”

Cal Newport, Deep Work

Distilling this further, he defines deep work as work that requires deep focus and minimal distractions.

Cal Newport explains the difference between shallow and deep work as well as why Deep Work is important and necessary. In true Deep Work fashion, this book also dives deeper into the methods to design a life dedicated to deep work as a way to accelerate productivity and drive long term, lasting impact.

Deep work is continuously being deprioritized in the information age, where oftentimes people can be rewarded more in the short term for transmitting bits of data (subtext: information) while not generating true, long term value. Cal Newport argues that a dedication to deep work is akin to “slow work:” the dedicated process of mastery and craftsmanship that is less technology focused and arises from achieving flow state.

By walking us through the science of willpower and the impact of deep work on our concentration, attention span, cognitive ability, and overall well being, Deep Work explains why it is critical to develop our ability to focus deeply, and how to accomplish this through four main rules:

  • Rule #1: Work Deeply
  • Rule #2: Embrace Boredom
  • Rule #3: Quit Social Media
  • Rule #4: Drain the Shallows

Actionable Takeaways

  • Discipline is key to deep work, do not rely on willpower. Minimize the mental energy required to jumpstart motivation so this brain power can be conserved and reallocated to the deep work itself. Do this by:
    • Establishing a schedule of when, where, and how to do deep work as a methodological plan to prevent external requests from deprioritizing your time dedicated to focused work.
    • Design accountability into your practice.
    • Think like a CEO. Track and measure, keep score.
  • Win against attention, fight distraction. Deep work is only derived through the ability to have intense focus and ignore the seductive calls of distraction.
    • Studies show context switching causes poorer performance for future tasks due to attention residue that accumulates from previous tasks and is proven to have a “lasting negative effect on your brain.”
    • Incomplete tasks will dominate your attention. It is more effective in the long run to fully complete one task (or at least have a plan of action for the next steps as mental closure) instead of hopping from one incomplete task to another.
    • Winning against distractions does not necessarily mean eliminate distractions altogether. While useful, it can be unrealistic or sustainable. The low-hanging fruit is to rewire your brain to no longer crave novelty.
  • Frontload the cognitive effort. Minimize back and forth communication by being strategic. Being intentional about the second order and third order consequences of your work, you can improve the outcome (and long term efficiency of your work) by investing extra energy in the beginning through better organization, planning, and preparation. While more tedious in the short run, it has exponential benefits in the long run.
  • Social media prevents us from doing deep work. I’ve already beat this subject of digital detoxes over the head with my phone, but it doesn’t hurt to reinforce the message: social media is a “plague o’er both your houses.” It rewires your brain to crave the dopamine kick from seeing new content in a variable and unpredictable schedule. This has been shown to be the most effective way to create a new addiction, following a format similar to slot machines at casinos. It serves as a “quest for self-importance” and makes deep work difficult by reducing your ability to concentrate.
  • Deep Work = flow state = a life well lived. Michael Csikszentmihalyi (try to spell that correctly with Google, DM me if you can) presents the idea that we as humans thrive when we are deeply focused in something that challenges us in his book Flow. Cal Newport goes on to argue that deep work is synonymous with flow state. By resisting the urge to do the shallow work prevalent in today’s knowledge economy, we choose to pursue something deep and meaningful. This means subsequently, we pursue a life with better intention and well-being.
  • Minimize shallow work. This relates to Rule #4 and is one of the fastest shortcuts towards dedicating more time to deep work. Search out all the types of shallow work that exist in your day to day, and either batch them together or eliminate as many as possible. Shallow work is unavoidable, however, the goal is to significantly reduce the amount of shallow work on hand when available. Otherwise, it becomes excessively easy for it to dominate your focus.

Quotes to Remember

  • To learn hard things quickly, you must focus intensely without distraction. To learn, in other words, is an act of deep work. If you’re comfortable going deep, you’ll be comfortable mastering the increasingly complex systems and skills needed to thrive in our economy. If you instead remain one of the many for whom depth is uncomfortable and distraction ubiquitous, you shouldn’t expect these systems and skills to come easily to you.
  • You’ll struggle to achieve the deepest levels of concentration if you spend the rest of your time fleeing the slightest hint of boredom.
  • In the absence of clear indicators of what it means to be productive and valuable in their jobs, many knowledge workers turn back toward an industrial indicator of productivity: doing lots of stuff in a visible manner.
  • The Principle of Least Resistance, protected from scrutiny by the metric black hole, supports work cultures that save us from the short-term discomfort of concentration and planning, at the expense of long-term satisfaction and the production of real value.
  • Treat shallow work with suspicion because its damage is often vastly underestimated and its importance vastly overestimated. This type of work is inevitable, but you must keep it confined to a point where it doesn’t impede your ability to take full advantage of the deeper efforts that ultimately determine your impact.

Yina’s Reflection

While a lot of Cal Newport’s concepts can be condensed into a succinct article outlining actionable takeaways, I believe the reinforcement of his key points is one of the reasons Deep Work resonates so deeply.

Consistently sharing examples, research backed studies and reference material allows Cal Newport to engrain the idea more deeply into our minds as a way to positively influence our future behavior.

Reading timeless books like these, relatable at any age and circumstance, is what makes these posts worth the effort of reviewing and synthesizing the information. I thoroughly enjoyed reading Deep Work and the time spent putting together the key takeaways and excerpts to further process what Cal Newport is preaching. (5h 33m and counting!)

Despite being time and effort intensive, I believe the opportunity to absorb these concepts more deeply (pun intended), will only contribute further value to my work going forward.

I’ve been a disciple of the Deep Work philosophy for quite some time now, albeit a disciple that is still far from mastering their master’s work. I am extremely miserly at anything that pulls my attention without explicit control and have taken Draconian measures in my personal life to eliminate as much distraction as I can.

Cal Newport’s book serves as validation for the “super intense” measures I’ve taken such as deprioritizing digital correspondence, turning on Do Not Disturb mode for every waking hour to minimize notifications, and prioritizing my deep focus windows over any other tasks of the day. I plan to continue refining my ability to hone focus and attention.

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Beyond being just a validation, Deep Work also serves as a reminder that despite the measures I’ve taken, there is always room to further reduce shallow work. More importantly, simply reducing shallow work does not necessarily correlate to output. I need a reminder that the efforts to reduce shallow work can actually be a form of procrastination; the priority is to create more with the dedicated time to deep work I have already established.

Lastly, one point that resonated the most with me and mentioned less by others is this idea that what you created out of your deep work may not (yet) be that good. This discomfort arises because despite your best efforts to create something of value, it might not be very good yet. It’s important to recognize when these feelings arise, and how even when it does arise, it’s still important to keep going.

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But if you’re willing to sidestep these comforts and fears, and instead struggle to deploy your mind to its fullest capacity to create things that matter, then you’ll discover, as others have before you, that depth generates a life rich with productivity and meaning.

Book Notes and Takeaways: The Upside of Stress

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The Upside of Stress: Why Stress Is Good for You, and How to Get Good at It: McGonigal, Kelly: 9781101982938: Amazon.com: Books

Synopsis

Author and Stanford Professor, Kelly McGonigal continues the conversation from her TED Talk ‘How to make stress your friend‘ and challenges the conventional negative perception towards stress. She shares research behind how leveraging positive psychology creates the right mindset towards stress and actually enriches our day to day life instead of taking away from it.

How you think about stress affects everything from your cardiovascular health to your ability to find meaning in life. The best way to manage stress isn’t to reduce or avoid it, but rather to rethink and even embrace it.

Kelly McGonigal, The Upside of Stress

Key Takeaways

  • Mindsets are beliefs and have both short term and long term impact. When you view stress as helpful, it actually helps change the types of hormones we secrete to manage stressful situations. This allows us to respond differently and possibly perform better.
  • Stress is a response that’s meant to help. Your body’s response to stress is actually biologically there to HELP you through a hard experience. When you try to tamper that down by telling yourself to “calm down” or get rid of those feelings, you’re actually hindering your ability to draw on your body’s response as a resource to help you think clearly, have more energy, and rise to the occasion.
  • Stress alone is not harmful. It is the combination of stress and the mindset that stress is bad for you that causes long term impacts on health. When viewed through a positive mindset, it can be seen as a resource. In fact, it’s been proven that when you perceive stress as limiting, study participants tended towards more self-destructive behaviors as a means to cope.
  • Benefits of Stress. When stress is viewed through a positive mindset, studies have shown how stress has a positive impact on the following:
    • Improved cognitive function.
    • Increased empathy.
    • Renewed purpose or meaning in life.
    • Take on more challenges.
    • Builds resilience and courage.
  • How to Rethink Stress:
    • Excitement versus Anxiety. Reframing stress as “I am excited” instead of “Calm down” helps you feel empowered by stress. It can transfer your stress response from a fight-or-flight responses to a challenge-response, which has been shown to increase confidence and improve performance.
    • Normalize it. Understanding that stress is a normal and an expected part of life helps make it feel less isolating. Feelings of isolation have been shown to have a leading impact on a negative sense of well-being.
    • Bigger-than-self mindset. When you extend your perspective of tasks beyond the benefit it provides to yourself but to how it provides value to others, it can elevate even the most basic tasks.

Quotes to Remember

  • Stress happens when something you care about is at stake. It’s not a sign to run away – it’s a sign to step forward.
  • We are used to believing that we need to change everything about our lives first, and then we will be happy, or healthy, or whatever it is we think we want to experience. The science of mindsets says we have it backwards. Changing our minds can be a catalyst for all the other changes we want to make in our lives.
  • Feeling burdened rather than uplifted by everyday duties is more a mindset than a measure of what is going on in your life.
  • It turns out that how you think about stress is also one of those core beliefs that can affect your health, happiness, and success. As we’ll see, your stress mindset shapes everything from the emotions you feel during a stressful situation to the way you cope with stressful events. That, in turn, can determine whether you thrive under stress or end up burned out and depressed. The good news is, even if you are firmly convinced that stress is harmful, you can still cultivate a mindset that helps you thrive.

Yina’s Reflection

While doing research for this post, I came across quite a number of negative reviews within the science community that challenges McGonigal’s approach to stress and stands their ground on the ill effects of stress.

Regardless, as someone who wants to improve her stress tolerance, I still found a lot of value in this book.

This may be a placebo effect of sorts but even if scientific results were inconsequential, anything that can help me approach stress in a more positive way and enable me to take on larger challenges, I will eat up with a spoon. Spoon and all.

Stress is a loathsome “bad guy” in our games of life, the boss that stands in the way of us reaching that next level in our lives. Collecting weapons to combat this villain has been part of my own hero’s journey so to speak. But reinterpreting that stress, in true Wreck-it-Ralph fashion (great movie, btw, as are Pixar movies in general), as an ally and not an enemy has truly been empowering. I’m learning to discard the sledgehammer I’ve stashed in my toolbelt as a means to crush my stress response when it rears its ugly head.

Being the Bad Guy - GIF on Imgur

For example, when explaining how stress improves resilience, McGonigal references a study of squirrel monkeys that test the assumption that early life stress leads to emotional instability by separating young monkeys from their moms.

What the study showed however, was the opposite: “Stress led to resilience…[they] were less anxious than the more sheltered monkeys…they explored more in new environments, showed greater curiosity, were quicker to solve mental challenges, and showed greater self-control.”

Brain scans even showed demonstrative results: “monkeys who had been separated from their moms developed larger prefrontal cortexes.”

Despite some of the negative backlash from the scientific community, I thoroughly enjoyed McGonigal’s writing, where she effectively weaves storytelling with factual data. We are all under the subtle influence of people and ideas around us, and it is up to us to decide what we want to influence us. For me, perhaps I’m choosing to be fooled that stress is good for me in light of the goals I have ahead.

Book Review and Takeaways: Guide to the Good Life

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A Guide to the Good Life: The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy - Kindle edition by Irvine, William B.. Religion & Spirituality Kindle eBooks @ Amazon.com.
A Guide to the Good Life, William B. Irvine

Synopsis

A Guide to the Good Life is just that: a practical guide on how to live a life of tranquility and contentment. William B. Irvine takes the ancient wisdom of Stoic philosophy and reinterprets it for the modern day by:

  • Sharing the history of Stoicism including its origin
  • The psychological techniques to Stoicism (did you know Stoicism has a large emphasis on psychology?!)
  • Stoic advice and thinking
  • Examples of how this can be applied to modern day

Things I Learned

Hedonic Adaptation. That which we desire will, after some time, become commonplace and will require conscious effort for us to derive the same satisfaction from it. This runs rampant in Western culture that is obsessed with consumerism — too often do we chase material possessions only to get bored of them and begin to seek our next desirable target.

The solution to this: want less.

We humans are unhappy in large part because we are insatiable; after working hard to get what we want, we routinely lose interest in the object of our desire. Rather than feeling satisfied, we feel a bit bored, and in response to this boredom, we go on to form new, even grander desires.

Negative Visualization. Negative visualization and hedonic adaptation go hand in hand. Stoics encourage practicing visualizing the loss of our desires — whether they be material or not, as a way to reverse hedonic adaptation.

This is using the psychological game of loss aversion to help us reset the hedonic treadmill so we are reminded of how grateful we are to have the things in our life.

Negative visualization is a powerful antidote to hedonic adaptation. By consciously thinking about the loss of what we have, we can regain our appreciation of it, and with this regained appreciation we can revitalize our capacity for joy.

Understanding Control. One of the biggest life lessons for me is how to manage what I can control, and what I can’t. More importantly: for the things I can’t control, the easiest way to manage well-being is to focus on the things I can control in this particular scenario.

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For example: I cannot control the amount of revenue I generate in a quarter — the decision to purchase is completely up to the user.

Instead of stressing about a goal that I cannot control and causing myself unnecessary stress, a better alternative is to focus on what is within my power to change: the amount of outreach I can do.

By focusing on outreach and delivering my best performance there, this will help me perform better and most likely make my goal more attainable.

The Stoics believed that it was pointless to dwell on things outside of your control. Instead, it’s best to focus purely on things you actually can control and influence.

Other Quotes that Resonate

  • The easiest way for us to gain happiness is to learn how to want the things we already have.
  • Stoicism, understood properly, is a cure for a disease. The disease in question is the anxiety, grief, fear, and various other negative emotions that plague humans and prevent them from experiencing a joyful existence.
  • The Stoics discovered that exercising self-control has certain benefits that might not be obvious. In particular, as strange as it may seem, consciously abstaining from pleasure can itself be pleasant.

Yina’s Reflection

This is my first real introduction to Stoic philosophy and it’s like I’ve found my way home.

I’ve already been interested in applying a philosophical mindset to my outlook of life. This book helped reinforce why, like the author, Stoicism resonates more with me than spirituality like Zen Buddhism and meditation.

I like to think and reflect; and Stoicism encourages just that.

In addition, I realized I’ve been unconsciously practicing many Stoic philosophies as I try to lead a minimal life and curtail desires as well as focusing on what I can control and appreciating the things I have.

In addition, William B. Irvine’s introduces the history of Stoicism and the origination from the early Greeks. It is comforting to know that the Greeks at the time, barring gladiator fights, also exhibited similar challenges in life of unhappiness and dissatisfaction similar to us some 2,000 years later.

This makes me realize that as humans, our emotional urges and tendencies have not changed much throughout millennia. What we attribute to generational specific challenges are actually issues humankind has struggled with throughout history.

I read this book through an audiobook and plan to re-read this in paper copy again going forward. Mainly because I think there are a lot of valuable life lessons that I’m aware of, but serve as useful reminders to look back on.

General Info

Title: A Guide to the Good Life
Author: William B. Irvine
Release Date: November 2008
Recommended For: Anyone interested in an introduction to Stoicism

Book Notes and Takeaways: Weapons of Math Destruction

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Weapons of Math Destruction by O'Neil, Cathy
Weapons of Math Destruction

Synopsis:

In Weapons of Math Destruction, the author walks us through her own career in big data — first at Harvard and Columbia, then as a hedge fund quant at D.E. Shaw. She explains how she came to be disillusioned by the space after seeing how data models were part of the catalyst to the 2008 financial crisis.

Cathy O’Neil demonstrates real world examples of the ethical and moral dilemmas algorithms create for society’s marginalized and underserved communities. She shows how privilege protects certain groups of people and reinforces inequality, while the vulnerable continue to be penalized by these machines in a pernicious negative feedback loop.

Key Takeaways:

  • Dangerous data models are classified by Cathy O’Neil as Weapons of Math Destruction (WMDs)
  • WMDs exhibit the following characteristics:
    • Scale. They process large volumes of people without human oversight.
    • Non-iterative. Dangerous data models lack a feedback loop to correct and update the model over time.
    • Biased. WMDs use various proxies to account for the predicted outcome, which needs more precision and can be discriminatory.
    • Transparency. Data models are opaque and not transparent to the people they are profiling.
  • WMDs profile individuals (and institutions) based on specific variables which can determine large milestone life events like college rankings, employment application screeners, policing and sentencing algorithms, workplace wellness programs, and the many inappropriate ways credit scores reward the rich and punish the poor.
    • Example: “In Florida, adults with clean driving records and poor credit scores paid an average of $1,552 more than the same drivers with excellent credit and a drunk driving conviction.”

Memorable Quotes:

  • The result is that we criminalize poverty, believing all the while that our tools are not only scientific but fair
  • We’ve seen time and again that mathematical models can sift through data to locate people who are likely to face great challenges, whether from crime, poverty, or education. It’s up to society whether to use that intelligence to reject and punish them—or to reach out to them with the resources they need.
  • The math-powered applications powering the data economy were based on choices made by fallible human beings. Some of these choices were no doubt made with the best intentions. Nevertheless, many of these models encoded human prejudice, misunderstanding, and bias into the software systems that increasingly managed our lives. Like gods, these mathematical models were opaque, their workings invisible to all but the highest priests in their domains: mathematicians and computer scientist. Their verdicts, even when wrong or harmful, are beyond dispute or appeal. They tended to punish the poor and the oppressed in our society, while making the rich richer.

Yina’s Review:

Cathy O’Neil’s writing felt oversimplified given the subject matter at hand. I don’t disagree with her examples of bad data models, but I was disappointed that she did not elaborate further on the examples. Her writing felt very unfinished, lacking focus and clarity.

With her work experience, I expected something that read more in depth and pulled from better sources (example sources: NYTimes, The Guardian, Washington Post, etc.)

It reads oddly trite for such a fascinating subject matter. There were many interesting examples, none of which were looked at in great depth — it read more like a laundry list of issues with blanket high level solutions that were not actionable.

Perhaps Cathy O’Neil was targeting the general audience and I was looking for a deeper dive.

TL;DR: Good book for an introduction into the world of data and shares a strong stance on fallacies behind data models with examples to go with it. It did not fit my needs for more granular substance, unfortunately. But a good introductory book nonetheless for anyone interested in big data and data science.

Hope this review was helpful! You can check out what I’m reading on GoodReads.

My Quarter in Review: Q2 2020

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Data is fascinating.

Maybe it’s because of my old field of work in finance, or my love of STEM and the scientific method I’m not sure really, but I’ve always appreciated what data can do for you — I love how it informs you, and how it is honest.

I love its objectivity.

In my past life, I used to work extensively with hedge funds to analyze data of their portfolio companies in order to assess performance. This meant understanding earnings reports, performance, price changes over time, P&L. Reams of data.

Looking at a company’s balance sheet and analyzing its financial data is one of the fastest ways to reach a binary answer to the question: how is this company performing?

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Be the CEO of You, Incorporated

In the past few years, I’ve started experimenting with an idea inspired by quarterly earnings reports of companies.

Every quarter, public companies report on their performance through standardized metrics compiling sales and revenue data, as well as expenses and growth to provide a high level snapshot of how the company performed against their goals.

I’ve started created mini Quarterly Reports to track my goal performance over time. I’ve found that using data to my advantage and measuring myself like a business has helped keep me accountable towards my goals and a cadence I’ve set for myself.

What Data can Do for You

Over the past few years, I’ve consistently been collecting data to better understand myself, behavior, and performance.

It took me a while to realize that we all carry a personal narrative in our heads — our own story and perception of our life experiences. It’s the method our brain uses to understand the world around us and how it applies to us. Where it falls flat however, is when we believe our personal narratives to be the objective truth.

Armed with this understanding, this is why my data-tracking has been useful to me: to help me process the subjectivity of my own experiences.

In other words, it’s manual and tedious AF, but it forces me to be honest with myself, and helps me improve myself by making better choices. Instead of assumptions based on intuition and guesswork, data allows you to make informed decisions.

IHave The Data Yang Data GIF - IHaveTheData Data YangData - Discover & Share GIFs
Data is powerful. Use it to your advantage.

Setting the right goals

The first step is to begin establishing goals (I plan to have a follow up post on how to set valuable goals, so stay tuned). But in the meantime, the key item I want to highlight is creating action-based goals. This means setting goals you have definitive control over.

For example, instead of a goal of reading 10 books in a quarter, I chose an action-based goal of reading 300 minutes a week. These are all goals allowing myself full control of the situation. I can make a decision during the week about consciously taking these actions.

My weekly goals in summary:

  • 📝 Write: Write 1 article
  • 📚 Read: Read for 300 minutes
  • 🌱 &E Conversation: Have 2 conversations with strangers to practice pitching my startup
  • 🤓 Learn: Study 2 lessons in a course
  • 👭 Connect: Catch up or connect with two different friends
  • 🐸 Productive: Complete my most important task of the day
  • 🥬 Food Grade Average: Choose healthy meal options (that have a food grade higher than 4)
  • 🔥 Calorie Burn Average: Burn 2,300 calories a day (tracked via Apple Watch)
My goals for 2020 Q2

Setting a goal of 10 books is a fine and measurable goal, but the question is — does this represent a goal you have full control over?

I used to set a goal of reading XX books a year, but found myself always coming short. Books vary in terms of page length, spacing, density of material, etc. This impacts your speed of reading and how quickly you can finish a book.

In addition, I started noticing that when the year was coming to a close and I was behind on my goal, I felt the urge to “cheat” so to speak, and pick shorter books just for the sake of saying I finished reading a book.

But how much value does that provide?

When I used to create results driven goals, I’d create external pressure to hit this goal at all costs, which inevitably turns into cheating and “massaging of rigor.” Forcing myself to cut corners in order to reach this goal didn’t help my long term purpose: learn and build my knowledge.

Key takeaway: Select actionable goals that you can definitively measure.

2020 Q2 in Review

The image below shows the weekly results of my goals over time. I’ve established the weekly cadence I have for each goal, and every week I would log the frequency or time I spent working on this goal.

I’ve used conditional formatting to highlight missed goals for the week in red.

Weekly tracking of goals over time.

As you can see, there’s a shit ton of red.

But interestingly enough — when you take the cumulative results of all thirteen weeks in the quarter, you’ll see something interesting in the table below: I hit almost all the goals I set for myself.

And for the ones I didn’t, I was pretty damn close.

Q2 2020 Summary

This screenshot is my Q2 2020 Summary — a cumulative sum of the frequency I needed to accomplish for each goal throughout the quarter. This was done simply by multiplying my target per week against the number of weeks in a quarter.

Similarly, anything in red implies missed goals. When I first started doing this, I remember feeling so discouraged seeing all that red.

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It wasn’t until I did my quarterly reflection to review my results and my performance, that I saw how many goals I had actually hit.

These action based goals also translated directly into results:

  • I saw my @yinadreamsofspace IG following grow by 700+ users
  • I finished 6 books in a single quarter
  • I completed four courses
  • I dropped 6 lbs from eating healthy

You get the idea.

By tracking my results, this removed the ambiguity of only thinking I was putting in the work on my goals, and helped me hold myself accountable. In addition, working in this way allows me to replenish my motivation even on days I’ve missed the goal, because I know I do have time to play catch up.

Cheetah Chase GIFs | Tenor
Cheetah: Me
Antelope: Goal deadline

Based on this data, I’m confident I have room to “level up” my goals for next quarter and see how this adds momentum to my progress.

Help yourself help yourself

I’m not necessarily recommending my system since I know it might not work for everybody, but one thing is fact: logging and tracking data helps keep yourself honest and hold yourself accountable.

This behavior naturally makes you more inclined to commit time and energy to the work you’re tracking, which inherently means progress. More progress leads to increased motivation, which leads to more time and effort spent, and thus creates a positive feedback loop.

TL;DR

  • Data is valuable. It’s objectively allows us to make more informed decisions.
  • If you are looking for an objective, more scientific way to approach your goals, start by measuring your data.
  • Building out a weekly cadence allows you to track goal progress over time, while allowing for flexibility so you can compensate for missed time from other weeks.